STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF ENTERPRISE ECONOMIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL SPACE

Nikitina A. V. Ph. D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Kharkiv Educational-Scientific Institute SHEI «Banking University», Ukraine; e-mail: n-a-v-1@ukr.net; ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7440-0240 Novikova T. V. Ph. D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Kharkiv Educational-Scientific Institute SHEI «Banking University», Ukraine; e-mail: tvnovikova75@gmail.com; ORCID ID:0000-0002-0428-4181 Khrystoforova O. M. Ph. D. in Economics, Associate Professor, Kharkiv Educational-Scientific Institute SHEI «Banking University», Ukraine; e-mail: lena.guseva7677@gmail.com; ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4868-2488

Introduction. Constant changes and transformations in different spheres of life affect economic processes, highlighting the goals of ensuring sustainable, safe economy and leveling the influence of a number of multi-vector factors. In addition, the need for an immediate solution to the problem of continuous improvement of management, rapid adaptation to present day conditions of management is urgently needed. Modern market relations require the solution of a number of new tasks, among which the management and assessment of the enterprise economic safety (EES) are of particular importance. Therefore, in order to understand clearly the efficiency of economic activity, it is necessary to study economic categories «economic safety of the enterprise», «management of enterprise economic safety» etc. It should be emphasized that the consequence of not taking into account the peculiarities of the administrative process of economic safety may be low productivity, production efficiency, loss of competitive advantages of the economic entity etc. Therefore, the objective and one of the extraordinary tasks is to construct the structural model of enterprise economic safety management (EESM).
Analysis of recent publications. Today, scientific research on economic safety is quite substantial, varied and thorough. Although it should be noted that there is a problem of unambiguousness with regard to the essence of this concept, we therefore consider it expedient to conduct a study with the allocation of basic approaches, their characteristics, individual differences, common parameters, which in the future will serve as a certain theoretical basis for determining the management process of the EES.
At the present stage of development of the theoretical basis of economic safety, the resourcefunctional concept for the definition of the EES, represented by S. Ilyashenko, S. Grunin, E. Oleynikov, V. Tambovtsev and others [3,4,5,6], is considered to be the most widespread, comprehensive and promising research. In the framework of the resource-functional approach, researchers identify the main processes that affect the state of the entity safety, the structure of the company's own and borrowed resources is analyzed, the main indicators reflecting the level of the EES are considered. The advantages of this concept are the complex, multilateral study of the object through the analytical prism of the study of the external and internal environments in which the enterprise functions within the time interval, but the disadvantage is rather problematic use of the tools of such analysis due to the considerable labor costs for identifying all possible and potential threats to the economic enterprise safety.
Scientists [5,6,7], who distinguish economic safetyin terms of the information approach, understand the latter as the protection of its commercial secrets and the degree of reliability of the protection of own information. Such an interpretation makes it possible to conduct in-depth and comprehensive studies of the chosen aspect of the enterprise's activity, although it covers only a separate plane of the entity functioning, without taking into account the complexity of the latter.
The interpretation of economic safety as a set of properties of the state of its production subsystem, which provides an opportunity to achieve the goal of the whole system is quite interesting [7]. In our opinion, this definition is narrow, identifying only the end result that can only be achieved by streamlining one main objective, but does not reflect the essence of economic safety as a purposeful and complex phenomenon influenced by a combination of factors of the external and internal environment.
Another scientific direction in the study of the concept of enterprise economic safety is a protective approach, whose supporters (D. Kovalev, T. Sukhorukov, O. Kozachenko, O. Lyashenko and others [8][9][10]) aim at identifying a significant set of destructive factors of the external environment. However, despite a detailed study of the environmental factors, scientists did not consider the need for sustainable development and the need to take into account the time factor, which is attributed to the main disadvantage of this concept.
The identification of the EES with the stability and development of the latter is the basis of thenext, sustainable,approach of such scientists as K. Goryachev, M. Kapustin, S. Dubetska [12,13]. They pay special attention to the basic conditions of the existence of the enterprise, the need to adhere to certain parameters, although in this way the essence of the economic safety of the enterprise is not fully disclosed, indicating only the stable development of the business entity.
The main thesis of the harmonization approach to the interpretation of the enterprise economic safety is orientation towards the co-ordination of the mission, the main objectives of the business entity with the interests of the environment [14]. However, it is worth emphasizing that in such a concept, scientists do not take into account the significance of the influence of the internal environment of the entity functioning.
In terms of availability of competitive advantages V. Belokurov offers to study the economic category «economic safety of the enterprise» [15], which notes that the main objective of securing the EES is achieving competitive advantages due to the correspondence of material, financial, personnel, technical and technological potential and organizational structure of the enterprise to its strategic goals and objectives, but the fact of having such advantages of the potential, without their use and proper implementation does not guarantee the enterprise economic safety.
Investigating and generalizing the fundamental works of domestic and foreign scientists, we come to the conclusion that the approaches to understanding the category of economic safety of the enterprise are different, as well as the lack of a unified universal idea of the interpretation of the essence and economic content of the concept, necessitates its further more detailed and in-depth study.
The purpose of the article and methodology of the research. The main purpose is to develop the theoretical foundations of the enterprise economic safety, to develop and substantiate the structural model of safety management of economic enterprises in the global environment. The methodological basis of the study was the statistical materials of Ukraine and the countries of the world, the special literature on economy, materials of scientific and practical conferences, publication of periodicals of leading foreign and domestic scientists, as well as the results of their own observations by the authors themselves.
To achieve this goal, the following general scientific and special methods and techniques of research were used: abstract-logical, method of analysis and synthesisformation and substantiation of the system of management of an enterprise economic safety; methods of generalization and abstractionto study the categorical basis of economic safety of the enterprise and management of the latter.
Results. The conducted investigations made it possible to conclude that the modern quality management model for most domestic enterprises should be based on the basic principles, namely: a systematic approach to management; orientation of business on management of «organizational culture» as a system of values of the enterprise personnel; scientific approach to the formation and substantiation of managerial decisions; dynamism and variability of utilization of technology, methods and tools of enterprise management; the importance and diligence of the inability to make managerial decisions of information; promotion of activation of innovative management; using script approach to develop specific managerial decisions; orientation on the strategic goals of an enterprise development.
On the basis of weighted analysis of the management tools we make a conclusion that the management of the economic safety of the MTE (motor-transport enterprise) in the event of the appearance of information signals about the danger of an enterprise efficiency reduction, the imperfection of the methods of planning, correction, organization of production, mismatch of the existing objectives of the enterprise and the requirements of the environment should include such an efficient subsystem of information-analytical service, which would be aimed at improving the quality and management effectiveness by prioritizing. Therefore, it is expedient to introduce a system of enterprise economic safety management, which involves integration of all management functions, provides methodological toolbox of EESM, which is presented in Fig. 1. Thus, the management process begins with planning, during which the indicators of the effectiveness of an enterprise economic safety management for a certain period are set. Then, after comparing and analyzing information, the causes, potential consequences and threats of deviations between planned and received results are identified, the errors are corrected, the complex of corrective measures is developed with possible alternative scenarios considering the potential impact of the whole set of destructive phenomena that affect the EES.
A large number of complex and multidimensional tasks encountered by modern motor transport enterprises require a solution in the context of ensuring and managing economic safety of the business entity. In addition, the EES provides branching, diversification and expansion of structural elements, connections and relations of its resource space, their protection from internal and external threats, whose actions can greatly reduce or ruine its environment, slow down or restrain the development of the enterprise, transform its path to the defined strategic goal.
The most significant and difficult identified tasks of EES management include: identification of real and prediction of potential threats and dangers; elucidation of the ways of their prevention, reducing or elimination of the consequences of their effects; identification of the ways and means necessary for the safety of the enterprise; establishment of the relevant company safety service, or handling and interaction with public or private organizations, etc. [16].
The main functional components of economic safety are: financial, human resources, technical and technology, politico-legal, innovation-investment, environmental and informational.
It should be note that only those components that contain only or are based on economic relations should be considered as economic safety, which will be the only criterion for classification of economic safety components. From this point of view, it is advisable to classify only the financial, macroeconomic, internal economic or industrial, foreign economic and social and economic components in the category «economic safety of the state». In this case, economic safety should be directly included as a fundamental component of financial safety or of the financial and credit sector. Finance is based on the economy of any country, finance -the «blood» of the economic system of the state, without which the economy of any country in modern conditions cannot function. Moreover, finance acts as a set of economic relations that arise in the process of cash flow. Therefore, financial security should be included in a separate subsystem in the economic safety system.
Using the system and cybernetic approach, let's depict the system of managing the enterprise economic safety in the form of, firstly, a set of control subsystems, realizing the existence of an advanced thesis regarding the presence of decomposition on the basic elements of most systems to reduce the uncertainty of a complex system and to formulate requirements for the latter. Secondly, in the form of a two-level hierarchical system characterized by the following properties: vertical decomposition or multilevel hierarchy, priority of actions of upper levels over the lower, dependence of decisions taken on the upper levels, on the results obtained at the lower levels, and therefore, the presence of inverse relations in the system. Thirdly, the image of the control system necessarily includes the contours of managing the economic safety of the enterprise in terms of its functional components. The control circuit is viewed as a closed set of elements of the control system, and in the control circuit, each element of the system affects the next and, in its turn, is affected by the previous one.
It should be emphasized that the number of control circuits is identified by a spectrum of control problems in a system that is determined and investigated, and connections between the contours reflect the relationships of control processes. In addition, each contour is depicted by a certain number of components, whose functioning is associated with the implementation of the algorithm of solution of the problem of managing one aspect of the controlled system.
The presence in hierarchical systems of such advantages as: the interaction between subsystems on the basis of direct and inverse links, implemented in the horizontal and vertical directions; the possibility of compressed presentation of information about management results received by the channels of the inverse communication; freedom of local action within the limits of imposed restrictions; the feasibility of combining the local criteria of functioning of individual subsystems and the global criterion of optimality of the system as a whole proves the validity and expediency of presenting the economic safety management system in the form of a hierarchical basis, based on the use of the scientific approach by L. A. Ponomarenko [17], which in detail depicted a typical hierarchical model of management. Thus, the two-level economic safety management system is formed by (n+2) main subsystems: (1) placed at the upper level by the control subsystem (coordinator) 0 С , which generates the coordinating signals і  ( 1,...,n і  ), addressed to (2) n below the hosted control subsystems 1 С ( n ,..., 1  і ), which produce feedback signals i  ( n ,..., 1  і ) entering the coordinator's input, as well as control impacts, intended for control (3) by process P, whose connection with the external environment is carried out through input X and output Y, and exchanging information about the results of activities occurs through the channels of the inverse communication i z (Fig. 2). Under the proposed approach in the system of economic safety management the subsystem of enterprise economic safety plays the role of control (managing) subsystem (coordinator) 0 С , which provides for the overall EES management. The second level of the control system is the subsystems of economic safety management with certain functional components, which are distinguished by certain features and characterize a set of basic directions of enterprise economic safety (finance, capacity of staff, personnel, etc.).
The object of management (controlled system) is the very economic safety, which, in its turn, decomposed into seven subsystems of various functional components of the enterprise economic safety (financial, technical and technological, personnel, political, legal, environmental, information, innovation and investment).
Therefore, for a clearer understanding and simplification of the management and coordination mechanism, it is expedient to isolate the subsystem of management of individual functional components of economic safety, provided that the dedicated subsystems are interconnected and functioning of one subsystem significantly influences the further implementation. We agree with the authors [18; 19], who, in a rather detailed and phased manner, depict the nature and peculiarities of the basic interrelationships and processes that exist in such management systems, therefore, it is appropriate to emphasize that, depending on a separate functional component, a certain task of management of EES depends for which a clear algorithm is given or a set of such algorithms for its solution, each of which integrates an interconnected set of management functions into itself. In addition, for the interconnection of a particular subsystem of economic safety management of the enterprise and the corresponding control circuits, there is also a characteristic vertical interaction. Thus, each control subsystem Conclusions. It has been determined that management of economic safety of the enterprise occupies a special place in the enterprise management system, since in market economy it strengthens the adaptability, business competitiveness, ensuring integration of economic processes at the enterprise and connecting internal resources and the external environment together. In order to increase the efficiency of enterprise management, a theoretical and methodical approach to construction of a structural model of an enterprise economic safety management was offered, which would give a possibility of a clear identification of functional and essential links, provide internal balance in the activities of the enterprise and correspondence of its mission and the strategic direction of the system of its priority interests. The next stage of the study should be a comprehensive assessment of the interrelationship of such destructive and destabilizing phenomena as threats, risks and dangers that could lead to irreversible consequences and, in general, threaten functioning of the organization and economic safety.